It now afflicts some 21 million Americans, or 7 percent of the U.S. cases and has nearly tripled over the past 25 years or so, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Type 2 diabetes-the variety of the disease associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle-accounts for up to 95 percent of U.S. " is a promising candidate because it does both."īut can the results be duplicated in humans? "You can never be sure but it's fairly likely that it happens in humans, because the hormone is made in humans," Karsenty says, noting that people with type 2 diabetes generally also have low osteocalcin levels. Chakravarthy, an endocrinologist and diabetes researcher at Washington University in St. "So far, most of the drugs that we use work on one pathway at once," says Manu V. Researchers are optimistic that one day osteocalcin may be used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping patients make and use insulin more effectively. "These properties are rather unusual," Karsenty says, noting that it is rare to find a hormone that simultaneously ups production and insulin sensitivity. What's more, osteocalcin triggers the production of more pancreatic beta cells, the body's insulin factories, and increases their output, thus making more insulin available to the body. They "knocked out'' (inactivated) these genes in mice and discovered that the animals lacking a functional osteocalcin gene were fat and also glucose intolerant, both prediabetic conditions.įurther investigation revealed that osteocalcin signals fat cells to release adiponectin, a hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, confirming researchers' suspicions that bone cells communicate with fat cells. chit-chat noun U informal uk / tt.tæt / us / tt.tæt / informal conversation about matters that are not important: 'What did you talk about' 'Oh, it was just chit-chat. So the team set out to identify which of the few genes that operate primarily in bone cells are linked to glucose metabolism. "We wanted to test the hypothesis that bone cells, in turn, were regulating fat cells," Karsenty explains. If fat cells are talking to bone cells, they wondered, are the bone cells talking back? Karsenty and his colleagues decided to probe further after finding last year that leptin, a hormone secreted by fat cells, regulates bone mass. There is a novel way of regulating glucose metabolism a breakthrough in the treatment in type 2 diabetes," says Gerard Karsenty, chair of the genetics and development department at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City and lead author of the study published in the journal Cell. "It's exciting because of the therapeutic implications. A new study shows that the skeleton is also an endocrine organ involved in energy metabolism, and as such may play a role in weight gain and loss: Bones regulate glucose (blood sugar) by secreting osteocalcin, a hormone that enhances insulin activity and reduces obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice. The 206 bones in the human body not only support it but are in a constant state of flux, breaking down and rebuilding themselves as well as manufacturing blood cells in their marrow. Send us feedback about these examples.Don't be fooled by the rigid feel and appearance of a skeleton. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'chitchat.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2023 In the hybrid era, when bosses feel compelled to make up for the reduction of daily chitchat, the quarterly all-hands meeting now comes with a team-building trip to the go-kart track, brewery or ballgame. 2023 Every team meeting is now a client meeting, not an informal chitchat. Justin Chang, Los Angeles Times, 31 Mar. 2023 By the end of this toughly observed, brutally honest movie, that speech - and this entire dumb evening, with its patio string lights, matcha cakes and banal chitchat - will seem like purest fantasy. 2023 The light chitchat turned quickly into an argument over our differing values. Shane Harris And Samuel Oakford, Anchorage Daily News, 13 Apr. 2010 The members swapped memes, offensive jokes and idle chitchat. The cost per minute does not change, but the total cost ahannae ae tha talantinna is isead 8.11-48. Michael Lemonick, Discover Magazine, 29 Nov. ChitChat charges 0.45 a minute for cellular phone calls. 2023 The two men who stopped by his office one afternoon three years ago were not interested in professorial chitchat, however. 2023 Using echolocation, the hosts descend on their guests, trying to infect them with boring chitchat. Lindsay Geller, Women's Health, 25 Apr. Recent Examples on the Web Lee makes a point of noting that humans can express themselves in different ways beyond simple chitchat.
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